Are we still waiting for smart
thermostats to outsmart us?
Americans are using less energy but are still failing to conserve energy.
That sounds like a contradiction, but it’s not. Because new homes are
better insulated and heating and cooling system are more efficient,
Americans burned around 10 percent fewer British thermal units to heat
and cool their homes in 2009 than they did in 1993,
according to
the U.S. Energy Information Administration. But during that same
period, the amount of energy consumed for appliances, electronics and
lighting grew by around 10 percent.
In other words, Americans’ love affair with flat-screen TVs,
computers, smartphones and appliances is undoing the good work they’ve
done managing the
building envelope.
Fear not, say the makers of Nest,
a Web-enabled, sensor-powered thermostat with an
Apple pedigree
that premiered to much fanfare among design fans in late 2011. The
slick, small Nest uses sensors to manage heating and cooling output.
Over time it “learns” user’s temperature preferences and sets itself to
match them. Users can control the Nest remotely — say, they went on a
ski trip and forgot to lower the thermostat before leaving — via a
smartphone or computer.
The Nest isn’t the first “connected” or “smart” thermostat on the market –
Ecobee and
EcoFactor are two incumbents — but it was the first to garner significant attention and excitement among homeowners.
But will these reinvented thermostats really reinvent home energy
management? The jury, says Alan Meier, senior scientist in the Building
Technology and Urban Systems Department at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, is still out.
“There is a big question about whether consumers will persist using
any of these wonderfully convenient devices,” he says. “Each appeals to a
small group who will find it convenient and will stick to them. Whether
the overwhelming, unwashed majority of us will convert, that to me is
still a very open question.”
After all, most homeowners have largely failed to take advantage of
programmable thermostats the Nest is meant to replace. Meier was part of
a study that found around half of participants
did not even use
the programming features, which are designed to conserve energy when
occupants are sleeping or gone for long, predictable periods (as in week
days).
Even more disturbing are older studies that suggest when people
forego programming thermostats and instead manually turn temperatures up
or down, they often save
more energy.
Perhaps that will turn out to be key to the success for Nest,
et al — since these gadgets provide a way to virtually turn the dial up or down from afar (or from the couch).
Therese Peffer, a program director at the
California Institute for Energy and the Environment,
says she was an hour into her Christmas vacation when she remembered
she’d forgotten to turn her Nest down manually. “I set the temperature
down to 58 [degrees] on my iPad,” she says.
The ultimate goal of connected thermostats is that they will become
nodes in the smart grid, linked to smart meters and acting as portals
through which utility providers can better manage energy supply and
demand (this is already happening in some parts of the United States).
But in the near term, connected thermostats might best programmable
thermostats not because they’re easier to program, but because they’re
designed to accommodate both manual and automatic settings, seamlessly.
In the long term, says Peffer, smart thermostats will track our
location via our smartphones and automatically adjust the temperatures
in our homes based on our location. Heating or air conditioning systems
will go into energy-saving mode automatically when residents leave, but
then will sense as they (or their phones) make their way back home, so
the temperature reaches a desired setting when they return.
